With the rapid internationalization and the recent development of the knowledge economy, universities are now facing challenges around the globe. Consequently, university governance is urged to be a strategic driving force of the university to transform efficiently and adapt to the changing needs. This special issue brings 4 articles together to enhance our understanding on university governance and broaden our perspectives through academic research on university governance cases. Specifically, it begins by introducing the cases of university governance structures in European and Chinese universities. Then, it goes on to explore the current reforms and the challenges encountered during transformation processes both in European and Chinese universities. This editorial discusses the university governance and its transformation, introduces the research papers and presents the reflections and insights of the special issue.